Wireless Sensor Network Security: Concerns and Solutions

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have expanded rapidly due to advances in communication technologies, offering diverse applications that benefit society. WSNs rely on interconnected sensor nodes and demand secure data transmission and resource access to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) in IoT systems. However, current systems often rely on single-layer security or classical cryptography, which are prone to attacks and lead to energy inefficiency from key management tasks. Biometric or fuzzy logic-based methods also fall short in optimizing security. A lightweight, secure, and durable paradigm for WSNs is crucial. We propose a high-efficiency routing system using Systematic-Random Linear Network Coding (S-RLNC), integrating multi-generation mixing, advanced pre-coding, and interleaving for secure, QoS- aware communication. Simulations show improved packet delivery, reduced redundancy, energy efficiency, and minimal packet loss. Additionally, a novel multi-factor authentication approach combining biometrics, time stamping, and RSA-assisted ECC enhances security and QoS with lower latency and higher delivery rates.