Mark I. Vail is the Worrell Chair of Politics and International Affairs at Wake Forest University. His research interests include comparative politics and political economy, social policy, political parties, industrial relations, and state-society relations in Western Europe and throughout the advanced industrial world. His most recent book, Liberalism in Illiberal States, was published by Oxford University Press in 2018. He has published articles in The European Journal of Political Research, West European Politics, Governance, German Politics, Comparative Politics, the Journal of Common Market Research, and other venues.