Dissertation Com Okt 2007 (2 results)

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - The purpose of this study was to identify what were Taiwanese University English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' perceptions about learning communication strategies. This study collected qualitative data about students' beliefs and attitudes as they learned communication strategies. The research question guiding the study was: What are Taiwanese University EFL learners' perceptions about learning communication strategies Twenty-four university students were trained for 10 weeks to use strategies in Faerch and Kasper's (1983a) taxonomy, and seven volunteers were interviewed. None of the students majored in English but were enrolled in a required Basic English course in a Freshman English Non-Majors' (FENM) program in Agriculture College at Tunghai University. In the middle and at the end of the training period, participants were interviewed and videotaped for 90 minutes. The results were displayed clearly with details in Chapter four. In Chapter five, significant themes associated with topic avoidance (1.), message abandonment (2.), meaning replacement (3.), interlanguage (4.), and cooperation (5.) strategies, mentioned by seven participants were revealed through the constant method of analysis. They were comprehension, politeness, intentionality, native language, face-saving (losing-face), interlanguage system, time-saving, and keywords. Chapter six includes a summary of this study, further discussions for the important issues mentioned by previous studies of this field and by participants of this research, and at the end, several important issues recommended as topics for further studies. The issues suggested to readers for future researches were variables in the learners and trainers, students' acceptance level of non-native like language, training pedagogies, the relationship between English proficiency and using strategy, the correlation between gender and strategy, communication strategy in a working situation, and examples through the interlanguage strategy.…

Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Neuware - Over the past few years, long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs),including the subclass of X-ray flashes (XRFs), have been revealed tobe a rare variety of Type Ibc supernova (SN Ibc). While all theseevents result from the death of massive stars, the electromagneticluminosities of GRBs and XRFs exceed those of ordinary Type Ibc SNe bymany orders of magnitude. The observed diversity of stellar deathcorresponds to large variations in the energy, velocity, and geometryof the explosion ejecta. Using multi-wavelength (radio, optical,X-ray) observations of the nearest GRBs, XRFs, and SNe Ibc, I showthat GRBs and XRFs couple at least 1048 erg to relativisticmaterial while SNe Ibc typically couple less than 1048 erg to theirfastest (albeit non-relativistic) outflows. Specifically, I find thatless than 3 percent of local SNe Ibc show any evidence for association witha GRB or XRF. Interestingly, this dichotomy is not echoed by theproperties of their optical SN emission, dominated by the radioactivedecay of Nickel-56; I find that GRBs, XRFs, and SNe Ibc showsignificant overlap in their optical peak luminosity and photosphericvelocities. Recently, I identified a new class of GRBs and XRFs thatare under-luminous in comparison with the statistical sample of GRBs.Owing to their faint high-energy emission, these sub-energetic burstsare only detectable nearby (z < 0.1) and are likely 10 times morecommon than cosmological GRBs. In comparison with local SNe Ibc andtypical GRBs/XRFs, these explosions are intermediate in terms of both volumetric rate and energetics. Yet the essential physical processthat causes a dying star to produce a GRB, XRF, or sub-energeticburst, and not just a SN, remains a crucial open question. Progressrequires a detailed understanding of ordinary SNe Ibc which will befacilitated with the launch of wide-field optical surveys in the near future.…