Lubok, Signed (1 results)

This rare and finely preserved Russian lubok, signed by Uliana Evdokimova in 1886, features a striking depiction of demons tormenting a sinner, drawing inspiration from the "Rejoicing Demons" icon theme. This hand-drawn and hand-colored piece is an excellent example of 19th-century Russian folk art, rich in religious and didactic symbolism. Dimensions: 44 x 36 cm. The central theme of this lubok is a cautionary lesson on the proper way to make the sign of the cross, emphasizing the significance of reverence and correct religious practices. The vivid imagery shows a man beset by three demons, a stark representation of the spiritual consequences of improper religious behavior. Three grotesque demons torment the central figure. One demon sits on the man's head, holding a banner that reads, "???? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ???" (Here is my joy and my merriment). This signifies the demons' delight in the man's incorrect religious practice. The man is holding a lestovka (Old Believer prayer rope), highlighting the Old Believer context of this lubok. His improper crossing is the focal point of the demons' joy. The depiction of a church in the background underscores the setting where proper religious behavior is expected and contrasts with the man's improper actions. Text Interpretation: The extensive text around the image is a didactic narrative based on the teachings of John Chrysostom, focusing on how to properly make the sign of the cross: "On the same day, the word of John Chrysostom. The month of April, 18th day: On the Fear of God, and on How to Stand in the Church of God in Fear and Proper Order, and to Sign your Face with the Sign of the Cross: Many ignorant people pretend to make the sign of the cross by waving their hands over their face. They labor in vain, not correctly drawing the cross on their faces, so that their waving makes demons rejoice. But if you make the sign of the cross properly, placing your hand on the forehead and on the stomach and right shoulder, and then on the left, the angels watch and rejoice to see the true cross represented on their visage. And the Angel of the Lord also writes down when you enter into the Church of the Lord with fear and with belief. If who enters the church stands with fear, and with tenderness makes obeisance to the image of God, that one receives forgiveness of sins and the mercy of God; but if without fear, that one will leave having committed a bigger sin. So, when we come to church, let us stand with fear, awaiting great mercy from God both in this age and the future. To him be praise, now and forever and in the ages of ages." Bottom Text: "Maxim the Greek wrote thus: If anyone frantically represents the sign of the cross, at that waving demons rejoice." The paper shows typical signs of aging, including minor creases; the colors remain vibrant; the edges exhibit minor wear and tears, particularly in the corners. These have been professionally repaired to preserve the artwork's integrity. The lubok has been professionally mounted on high-quality, acid-free linen backing. This method provides support and stability to the fragile paper, preventing further deterioration and facilitating handling and framing. This lubok is an exceptional piece for collectors of Russian folk art, offering both historical significance and aesthetic appeal. It is remarkably rare. Recent searches have not revealed any similar luboks sold on Western markets, highlighting its uniqueness and desirability among collectors of Russian folk art. Its rich historical context and detailed didactic content make it a valuable addition to any collection.