Frame Analysis, Critical Theory, and English Language Teaching

In this book, Robert J. Lowe introduces frame analysis, a qualitative research approach grounded in the critical theory of the early Frankfurt School and framing in the social sciences. Lowe sets out the principles of the frame analysis approach and provides a guide to conducting this kind of research in practice.

Focused on identifying and challenging ideology through immanent critique, Lowe presents a methodological guide and research report. He begins by explaining early critical theory and the frame analysis approach, followed by a detailed example of its application. This example illustrates the key stages: identifying participants' ideological presuppositions through their “master framing,” questioning the internal logic of this framing, and presenting contradictions to participants. Finally, the researcher observes reactions and documents emerging counter-framing, marking the first signs of resistance to dominant ideology.

By applying this approach to issues in English language teaching, the book questions some of the ways in which the rhetoric of pluralism and diversity around English as an international language may stand at odds with the realities of a world in which some varieties of the language have more prestige than others. Through the frame analysis approach, the author suggests that researchers can play a role in empowering language learners and users to advocate for a world in which they can take true ownership of the language. Key reading for all qualitative researchers and advanced students in applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, ELT/TESOL and linguistic anthropology.

Robert J. Lowe is an associate professor in the Department of Languages and Culture, Ochanomizu University, Japan.