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X, 340 Pp. Red Cloth, Gilt. Very Near Fine, Gilt Brilliant, Touch Of Rubbing At Corners. No Dj. Per Wikipedia, Gardner Murphy (July 8, 1895 ? March 18, 1979) Was An American Psychologist Who Specialized In Social And Personality Psychology And Parapsychology. His Career Highlights Include Serving As President Of The American Psychological Association And The British Society For Psychical Research. Murphy Was Inspired By The Work Of Psychologists And Scientists Such As Herbert Spencer, Sigmund Freud, William James, And Charles Darwin. Most Of His Works Integrated Aspects Of Each Of These Previous Scientists. Murphy Became Particularly Focused On The Theory Of Behavioral Adaption In Organisms, Which Posits That Animals Adapt To Their Environments For Their Own Survival. This Particular Theory Of Evolutionary Adaption Was Woven Into Multiple Personality Theories Later Presented By Murphy. Murphy Authored Several Texts In Psychology, Including, Historical Introduction To Modern Psychology (1928; 1949), Personality (1947), And Human Potentialities (1958). He Was A Contributor To Personality, Social And Clinical Psychology And An Early Exponent Of Humanistic Psychology. Murphy Proposed The Biosocial Personality Theory, In Which Personality Is Understood As Both Biological And Social In Nature. At The Center Of The Theory Is The Term "Canalization." Murphy Used "Canalization" To Indicate That Human Needs May Be Impacted Or Changed By What, When And How They Are Satisfied. In Murphy's Model, Two Primary Mechanisms Impact Human Need: Regularity, And Relevance. The Theory Was Presented In His Book Personality Published In 1947. In Personality, Murphy Proposed Three Main Components To Personality. First, Personality Acts Within A Larger Structure, And Second, Has Its Own Inner Workings. Third, Personality Is Shaped By Its Environment. Other Parts Of The Book Discuss His Biosocial Theory Canalization And Autism. Autism, As Murphy Depicts It, Is Actions Designed By The Satisfaction Of Needs While Placing Special Emphasis On The Self. The Humanistic Psychology Movement Did Not Occur Until The 1960S. However, Much Of Murphy's Writings Were An Early Component Of The Movement And Really Set The Stage For Its Beginnings. Generally, Murphy Believed In The Good Of Humanity, Often Producing Works On The Problems And Solutions Of Societies, Human Nature, And Individualism. These Particular Works Were So Inspiring That, At The Time, Many European Refugee Psychologists Referenced His Ideas In Their Arguments For Peace In Their Countries. Murphy's Book Human Potentialities (1958) Covered A Wide Range Of Topics About The Welfare Of The Human Being. In General, Murphy Rejected The Idea Of Human Nature Being Predetermined And Unable To Change. Instead He Proposed Three Distinct Human Natures. First, Because Of The Theory Of Evolution, Human Nature Is In A Constant State Of Flux, And Therefore, Always Changing. Second, Man's Various Cultures Were Brought About By The Instability Of Human Nature. Finally, Man Has An Essential Artistic View Of The World That Allows For The Expansion Of Its Boundaries. These Human Natures Were Essential To His Idea Of Human Potentiality And Prejudices. Prejudices Are Formed Because Of Man's Constant State Of Flux. Researching These Ideas, Murphy Concluded That Prejudices Did Not Exist Because Of Logical Reasoning. Rather, Prejudices Come About Through Natural Spontaneous Reactions. With That In Mind, Murphy Suggested Three Principles When Researching Human Potential. Firstly, The Environment Plays A Role In The Individuals' Ideas Of Gaining Experience. Second Potentialities Are Created Through New Experiences Of The Self Rather Than Through Cultural Experience. He Concludes That There Is No Limit To The Number Of New Potentialities That Can Be Created. He Also Published Papers Focusing On The Boundaries Between The Individual, Society, And World Order.
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