Open House

At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new vision of architectural space was born, made possible by new construction techniques that eliminated the need for interior load-bearing walls. Developed concurrently with Picasso's cubist paintings and Einstein's theories of quantum physics, the new architecture manifested itself most emblematically with the open plan: physically and visually free-flowing spaces. Modern architects broke free from spatial constraints and traditional limits to design houses that were unbound, dynamic, and open.
The freedom afforded by the open plan, however, encompassed philosophical and social freedom as well as physical. The first half of this book explores the spatial and social evolution of the open plan. From Frank Lloyd Wright's early prairie houses to Mies van der Rohe's universal structural grid, architects eliminated self-contained rooms, combined living spaces and discarded traditional social and familial constraints to open up the house. In the 1950s, especially in California, residential architecture began to blur the distinction between inside and outside. Windows were replaced by glass walls in houses designed by Rudolf Schindler, Richard Neutra, and Oscar Niemeyer, offering their inhabitants casual, free-flowing floor plans and seamless integration of exterior and interior spaces.
Today, the free plan, and in turn the open house, has taken yet another turn as a new generation of architects takes up the reigns of modernism. As seen in diverse contemporary projects such as Shigeru Ban's minimalist retreat in Japan, or LOT/EK's industrial vernacular duplex in New York, the modern open plan house is clearly alive and well. Twelve projects by today's leading international architects, including Pritzker Prize winner glen Murcutt, Patkau Architects, Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos, Wes Jones, Daly Genik, and Kuth/Ranieri are showcased in full-page color photographs to illustrate the enduring relevance and formal variety of the open house.

Adi Shamir Zion is currently the Dean of Instruction at the California College of Arts and Crafts in San Francisco.