From "Quantity of Radiation" and "Dose" to "Exposure" and "Absorbed Dose"--An Historical Review; The Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture Series in Radiation Protection and Measurements, Lecture No. 4

[4], 36 pages. Footnotes. Illustrations. References. Ex-library with usual markings. Some markings blacked out. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), formerly the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements, and before that the Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection (ACXRP), is a U.S. organization. It has a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, but this does not imply any sort of oversight by Congress; NCRP is not a government entity. The Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection was established in 1929. Initially, the organization was an informal collective of scientists seeking to proffer accurate information and appropriate recommendations for radiation protection. In 1946, the organization changed its name to the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements. In 1964, the U.S. Congress reorganized and chartered the organization as the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Lauriston S. Taylor was an American physicist known for his work in the field of radiation protection and measurement. He established standards for X-ray radiation exposure for the first time in the 1920s. The first rigorously measurable field quantity, exposure, was defined in terms of specific instrument, the free-air chamber (FAC), introduced in the 1920s. FAC exposure standardization provided a sound foundation for external beam radiotherapy of the time, which was limited to x-ray spectra of 300 kVp. However, the FAC could not accurately measure 226 Ra exposure rates due to the difficulty of establishing secondary charged-particle equilibrium for high-energy (about 1.2 MeV on average) radium gamma rays. Dr. Wyckoff earned his Ph.D. in 1940 During WWII he supported operations research for the Ninth Air Force. After the war he returned to the National Bureau of Standards. After he retired from the Bureau he became Scientific Deputy Director of the Armed Forces Radiation Research Institute. He continue to consultant after his second retirement.…