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From the library of George Washington of this compilation of political and religious essays regarding contemporary issues in Great Britain. Small octavo, volume two, bound in full contemporary brown calf with a gilt number two and ruling to the spine in six compartments within raised bands, double gilt ruling to the front and rear panels, turn-ins. From the library of George Washington with his ownership signature to the top right corner of the title page, one of the earliest printed books owned by him in his youth. George Washington did not receive a classical education and never studied a foreign language beyond English. Unlike his older brothers, who enjoyed more formal schooling, he worked to educate himself independently, frequently importing books from England to expand his knowledge. By 1783, a detailed catalog of his Mount Vernon library revealed an extensive collection that included both classical and contemporary literature, as well as volumes on agriculture, history, and political thought. It eventually consisted of over 1,200 titles, countering John Adams' impression "that Washington was not a scholar is certain. That he was too illiterate, unlearned, unread for his station is equally past dispute." Thomas Gordon was a Scottish writer that was widely read by the American founding fathers, greatly influencing their ideas of republicanism in the eighteenth century. "The bulk of the founding fathers' reading, apart from history, was concerned with political and legal tracts whose main focus was directed toward two subjects---liberty and property---and toward the social, constitutional, and legal institutions best adapted to the preservation of man's 'sacred' rights in regard to those subjects.there was little disagreement as to the indispensable 18th century writers: they are Charles Danenant, John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon, Bolingbroke and James Burgh" (Founding Fathers' Library). Gordon translated the classical authors, including Tacitus, Sallust and Cicero. Most notably, he published Cato's Letters, which were "Reprinted hundreds of times in colonial newspapers, they were perhaps the most widely read source for arguments for freedom of the press, and against arbitrary government power and taxation" (Jacobson). The present volume contains essays such as "The True Picture of a Modern Tory," "A Vindication of the Quakers," and "The Creed of an Independent Whig." It is recorded in Lane, Inventory of Washington's Library, p. 490 as ("an additional title not included on the original inventory"). This is one of the earliest printed books from Washington's library. Based on the style of the signature, it was likely signed near the time of publication, when Washington was about twenty years old. The inscriptionâ s upright and compact form, featuring a shorter â sâ than seen in later examples from the 1750s, resembles the handwriting found in his early surveying documents, though with less ornamentation than his typical ownership marks. After traveling to Barbados with his brother Lawrence in 1751, Washington assumed management of Mount Vernon following Lawrenceâ s death from tuberculosis in 1752. It is therefore probable that this book was among the first to enter his library at his newly inherited estate. In his will,ÂGeorgeÂWashington bequeathed his library to his nephew Bushrod Washington. The library remained largely intact at Mount Vernon, which Bushrod also inherited, until his own death in 1829, when it was divided between two of his nephews,ÂGeorgeÂCorbin Washington and John Augustine Washington. In 1848,ÂGeorge Corbin Washington sold some 350 books and 450 unbound pamphlets from his portion of the library to Henry Stevens, who eventually placed it in the Boston Athenaeum, where it remains today as the largest single collection of Washington's books. The part of the library that descended to John Augustine Washington was dispersed at various auction sales between 1876 and 1891, and the present volume has been tr.
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