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Gasser and Joseph Erlanger received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibers. The work recognized by Stockholm had its origin in a single instrumental decision: in 1922, working together at Washington University School of Medicine, Gasser and Erlanger adapted the cathode ray oscillograph (then a novelty in physical laboratories) to the recording of nerve action potentials, producing for the first time electrical records whose time resolution was equal to the speed of the events they were measuring. What that instrument revealed was that the nerve trunk, previously treated as a functionally uniform conductor, was in fact a bundle of distinct fiber populations each with its own conduction velocity, diameter, and physiological role. The classification of those populations (into the fast-conducting myelinated A fibers, the intermediate B fibers, and the slow unmyelinated C fibers) occupied the next two decades of Gasser's career and transformed neurophysiology's understanding of how the nervous system encodes and transmits information. The clinical applications of that classification remain in daily use: the differential susceptibility of fiber classes to local anesthetics underlies selective neuraxial blockade, eliminating nociceptive transmission (e.g. pain) while preserving motor function; nerve conduction studies, which diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, and demyelinating disease in hundreds of thousands of patients annually, measure the fiber properties Gasser and Erlanger quantified; and the identification of C fibers as the carriers of slow pain has informed the development of targeted analgesic therapies, from capsaicin-based preparations to ion channel blockers, that remain active areas of clinical research. The three offprints offered here trace that program from its instrumental foundation to its synthetic consolidation: the 1922 paper establishing the method and the compound nature of the action potential; the 1930 paper providing the definitive quantitative characterization of the slow-conducting fiber populations; and the 1941 classification lecture in which Gasser draws the full program together and articulates its implications for the timing and integration of nerve impulse transmission. All three are signed. [with] Joseph Erlanger. "A Study of the Action Currents of Nerve with the Cathode Ray Oscillograph; Reprinted from the American Journal of Physiology. Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 496-524." Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society, 1922. Offprint, 8vo (267 × 184mm), pp. 29. From the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine. Wrappers, staple-bound, wear to the extremities, light toning, else very good. Signed by Gasser on the front wrapper. The founding paper of Gasser and Erlanger's Nobel Prize-winning research program, in which they establish the cathode ray oscillograph as a practical instrument for recording nerve action potentials and demonstrate for the first time the compound nature of the nerve action current. Previous galvanometric methods were too slow and too subject to mechanical inertia to resolve the millisecond-scale electrical events of nerve conduction. Gasser and Erlanger's adaptation of the cathode ray oscillograph, whose electron beam responds to electrical changes without mechanical lag, overcame this limitation entirely. The paper describes the instrument and its calibration in detail, illustrated by diagrams of the apparatus and photographic plates of oscillograph traces, and presents action potential curves from frog and mammalian nerve trunks showing that what had previously appeared to be a single wave was in fact a compound event composed of multiple overlapping components traveling at different velocities. This observation (that a single nerve trunk conducts impulses at multiple velocities corresponding to distinct fiber popu.
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