This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1911 Excerpt: ...the introduction of rifling, by which a higher velocity and greater accuracy of fire was obtained; the appearance of Colt, Hotchkiss and Maxim magazine rifles and machine guns with their automatic arrangements enabling an almost incredible rapidity of discharge; and the extension of rapid-fire large-caliber rifles, and the Gatling gun firing more than 1,200 rounds of small-arm ammunition a minute, made the problem of smoke produced one of great moment. Noble and Abel have calculated that military gunpowder evolves on combustion 57% by weight of ultimately solid matter, which is either thrown into the atmosphere as such or remains behind to foul the bore. Professor Charles E. Munroe' has drawn attention to the fact that a 110-ton gun can project at a single discharge 528 lb. of this solid product," from which it is evident that in a general 1 Presidential address " On the Development of Smokeless Powder," delivered before the Washington Section of the Am. ('hem. Soc., Feb. '21, 1896; Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 1896, 18, 819-846, from which the above and other information has been taken. engagement at the present time and with modern guns, the force or ship would soon be enveloped in a dense and opaque cloud and entirely at the mercy of an invisible (to them) foe, unless a still wind was blowing, or other atmospheric conditions favorable. In fact it is not too much to say that the science of modern rapid fire gunnery would undoubtedly never have reached the present-day perfection in rapidity of action, had not some pi-oduct been evolved to supplant the smokeproducing gunpowder in military warfare. Smokeless Powders. Probably the earliest experiments with smokeless powders was made by Howard in 1800, when he tested his newly discovered ...
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