1 Microprocessor Basic Structures and Their Needs for Special Interfaces.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Some Useful Definitions.- 1.2.1 Definitions Related to Computers and Other Classes of Machines.- 1.2.2 Interface Definitions.- 1.3 Microprocessor Architectures.- 1.3.1 Basic ?P Architecture.- 1.3.2 The Evolution of Four Generations of ?Ps.- 1.3.3 4-Bit Microprocessors.- 1.3.4 8-Bit Microprocessors.- 1.3.5 16-Bit Microprocessors.- 1.3.6 32-Bit Microprocessors.- 1.4 Microprocessor Interface Requirements.- 1.4.1 The Importance of Interfacing.- 1.4.2 Interfaces in an Operating System With ?P.- 1.4.3 MC68020 Bus Interface.- 2 ?P- Logic Families Interfaces.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Basic Logic Families and Their Interface Capabilities.- 2.2.1 Interface Devices from TTL Logic Families.- 2.2.2 Interface Devices from ECL Logic Families.- 2.2.3 Interface Devices from NMOS and PMOS Families.- 2.2.4 Interface Devices from CMOS Logic Families.- 2.2.5 The ISO-CMOS Technology.- 2.3 Comparison of Characteristics and Capabilities of Key Logic Families as They May Apply to Microprocessor Interfacing.- 2.3.1 A Rule of Thumb.- 2.3.2 Power Consumption and Speed Comparisons.- 2.3.3 Noise Immunity Comparisons.- 2.4. Interface Considerations When Mixing Families.- 2.4.1 ECL and TTL Compatibility.- 2.4.2 Bipolar and CMOS Compatibility.- 2.4.3 CMOS to CMOS and Other Logic Families Interfacing.- 2.5 Design and Applications Examples.- 2.5.1 D- Type Flip-Flop as a ?P-Output Device.- 2.5.2 Emulating Complex MOS Chips with Shottky TTL ICs.- 3 ?P- Memory Interfaces.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Brief Review of Main Memory Types.- 3.3 Interface Requirements.- 3.3.1 Timing Requirements for Interface Between RAMs and ?Ps.- 3.3.2 Interfacing Fundamentals for Direct Memory Access (DMA).- 3.4 CMOS Memory System Interface Designs.- 3.4.1 System Timing Factors.- 3.4.2 CMOS Memory Interface.- 3.4.3 HM-6100 CMOS Memory Interface.- 3.4.4 80C48 CMOS Memory Interface.- 3.5 Interfacing Bubble Memories to ?P- Based Systems.- 3.5.1 1-Mbit Bubble Memory to ?P Interface.- 3.5.2 High Performance Interface Circuitry.- 4 ?P-Timing and Synchronization Interfaces.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Fundamentals of IC Timing Circuits.- 4.2.1 Monolithic Timers.- 4.2.2 Adapted Timing Diagram Conventions.- 4.2.3 Clock Skewing Problems.- 4.3 Real-Time Clock Hardware and Software.- 4.3.1 Simple Version of Real-Time Clock.- 4.3.2 The MC146818 CMOS Real-Time Clock.- 4.4 Programmable Time Interface Modules.- 4.4.1 Programmable Timer Module With Integrated Hardware and Software Capabilities.- 4.4.2 Universal Clock Generator-Clock Stretching.- 5 ?P-Peripheral Chips Interfaces.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Peripheral Processors.- 5.2.1 Host MPU Architecture.- 5.2.2 Multiprocessor Interfaces (MPIF).- 5.2.3 Peripheral Addressing in ?P Systems.- 5.2.4 FIFO Input/Output Device.- 5.2.5 The SCSI Peripheral Interface Standard.- 5.3 IC Peripheral Chips.- 5.3.1 Support Chips.- 5.3.2 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) Chip.- 5.3.3 A Universal Peripheral Controller.- 5.4 Design Examples and Applications.- 5.4.1 ?P-Based Interface for Current Loop Devices.- 5.4.2 ?P-Interface in Portable Systems.- 5.4.3 Interfacing a 6800-Family Peripheral to MC68000 CPU.- 6 ?P Interfaces in Instrumentation.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Review of Some Basics on Measurements.- 6.2.1 Terms in RMS AC Measurements.- 6.2.2 Error Sources in ?P- Based Calculations.- 6.2.3 IC Instrumentation Amplifiers.- 6.3 The IEEE-488 Instruments Bus.- 6.3.1 Speed Limitations Imposed by the IEEE-STD-488 Specification.- 6.3.2 Typical Handshake Times of Instruments.- 6.3.3 Example of Interface of a Voice-Response System to IEEE-488.- 6.4 ?P Interfaces in Music, Sound and Talking Instruments.- 6.4.1 Simple Sound-Generator ?P Interface.- 6.4.2 Polyphonic Sound-Generator Chip- ?P Interface.- 6.4.3 Interfacing of ?P With a Talking Chip.- 6.5 ?P- Controlled Measurements Stations.- 6.5.1 A Representative System.- 6.5.2 ?P Interfacing Within the System.- 6.5.3 ?P Functions and Sequ
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