The book traces the journey from oral tradition to written compendium, describing how the Mishnah and Gemara came together, and how two great centers of learning—Palestine and Babylonia—interacted to produce a durable, if sometimes contested, record. It also explains the roles of editors, copyists, and censors, and how linguistic, cultural, and political pressures left their marks on the text we study today.

How the Mishnah and Gemara grew and why their orders matter
What “Agadah” adds to legal discussions and how it broadens the work
Why transmission, copying, and printing shaped the surviving editions
How scholars reconstruct a reliable text from manuscripts and early citations

Ideal for readers of Jewish history and anyone curious about how ancient debates became a modern reference work.

About the Author

Marcus Jastrow (1829-1903) was an eminent Talmud scholar, professor of religious philosophy, Jewish history, and biblical exegesis at Maimonides College, and rabbi of Congregation Rodef Shalom, both in Philadelphia.

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