Knoll E M (28 results)

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The history of humanity is closely linked to camels, for without these remarkable animals we would never have occupied the arid regions of Asia and North Africa, and would be unable to cope with the challenges of increasing desertification today. For this reason, research into the unique interaction between man and camels has been on-going since the foundation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences some 160 years ago. This current conference and publication project is committed to this tradition of research and places the historical and contemporary interaction between humans and this beast of burden at the centre of its research, and contains 26 contributed articles. Camels in Asia and North Africa has both an international and interdisciplinary focus, and is intended to encourage an exchange of expertise between the natural and the human sciences. The discussion on the Old World camelids (dromedary, Bactrian and wild camel) covers the topics origins and domestication, breeding, the keeping of and trading in camels, as well as their importance from social-cultural and economic perspectives, in music, in traditional and veterinary medicine, and the conservation of the last remaining wild camel populations. 290 pp., color & b/w photos, b/w illustrations, b/w maps, tables, paperback 4 [in English].

Hardcover. Condition: Near Fine. RUSKA, E(rnst). and M(ax) Knoll. "Das Elektronenmikroskop" and with "Die elektronenmikroskopische Abbildung elektronenbestrahlter Obberflachen" and with "Zur Fokussierbarkeit von Kathodenstrahlbündeln grosser Ausgangsquerschnitte". Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932 & 1933, the three papers in two full volumes of "Zeitschrift fur Physik" vol. 78, 1932 (5+6 heft, pp 318-339 in the volume of vii,857pp) and vol. 83, 1933, appearing on pp 493-497 and pp 684-697 (viii,845). (Ruska wrote the first paper with Knoll, and was the sole author of the second and third papers.) Both volumes nicely bound in an identical and tidy cloth, with the former owner's gilt stamp on the spine bottom, as well as a bookplate. Near-fine copies. [++] Ruska shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986 for his discovery regarding the electron microscope, "[t]he significance of the electron microscope in different fields of science such as biology and medicine is now fully established: it is one of the most important inventions of this century" (Nobel Committee), the reports of which are described in the papers offered here. [++] "Under Knoll, Ruska began studying the electron-optical properties of magnetic coils and found that the use of suitably designed iron encapsulation improved them considerably. In particular, it became possible to build a lens with a short focal length, which is a prerequisite for high magnification. In the fall of 1931, Knoll and Ruska submitted for publication a lengthy paper [offered here] part of which described the electron microscope (although they did not use the term until their second paper [also offered here]) that had been built in Berlin."--Robinson, Arthur L. "Electron Microscope Inventors Share Noble Physics Prize." "Science", vol. 234, no. 4778, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1986, pp. 821 22. [++] "Ruska studied at the Technical University of Munich during 1925 27 and then enrolled at the Technical University in Berlin. Around this time he began the studies that led to his invention of the electron microscope. The extent to which an optical microscope could resolve the detail of a highly magnified object was limited by the wavelengths of the light beams used to view the object. Since it had been established in the 1920s that electrons have the properties of waves about 100,000 times shorter than those of light, Ruska posited that if electrons could be focused on an object the same way light is, at extremely high magnifications the electrons would yield greater detail (i.e., have a greater resolving power) than would conventional light microscopes. In 1931 he built the first electron lens, an electromagnet that could focus a beam of electrons just as a lens focuses a beam of light. By using several such lenses in a series, he invented the first electron microscope in 1933."--Encyclopedia Britannica.[++] Also see: Shampo, Marc A. and Kyle, Robert A., "Ernst Ruska Inventor of the Electron Microscope" 1997, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Vol. 72, Issue 2, p. 148. Ruska also contributed to the history of the electron microscope by writing his own in an issue of "Reviews of Modern Physics", "The development of the electron microscope and of electron microscopy" 1987,  Vol. 59, Issue 3, pp. 627 - 638.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary half cloth. In "Zeitschrift für Physik". Library stamp to free front end-paper and title-page. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 318-339. [Entire volume: VII, 857 pp.]. First printing of Ruska and Knoll's seminal paper in which the first description of an electron microscope appears. This allowed researchers for the first time to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom. Not only did the discovery have profound influence on physics, it also revolutionized biological research, as it now became possible to distinguish individual molecules. Ruska received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986 for his discovery regarding the electron microscope.In 1933 the theoretical description presented in the present paper led Ruska to build a two-stage electron microscope with a resolution exceeding that of the optical microscope. The technique behind is largely built upon de Broglie's revolutionary theory regarding the wavelength of electrons. The volume contains many important contributions to 20th century physics, among others: Heisenberg, W. Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II. Pp. 156-64: This is the second paper in a series of three which presents Heisenberg's neutron-proton model. Shortly after Chadwick discoverd the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, this introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin. (DSB 17: p.398).

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932 & 1933. 8vo. In two half cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spines. In "Zeitschrift für Physik". Vol. 78, 1932 & Vol. 83, 1933. Library stamp to free front end-paper and title-pages. A nice and clean set. (Vol. 78:) Pp. 318-339" (Vol. 83:] [Entire volumes: VII, 857 pp." VIII, 845 pp.]. First printing of Ruska and Knoll's two seminal papers which constitute the first theoretical and practical description of an electron microscope. This invention allowed researchers for the first time to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom. Not only did the discovery have profound influence on physics, it also revolutionized biological research, as it now became possible to distinguish individual molecules. Ruska received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986 for his discovery regarding the electron microscope, which by the Committee was described "as one of the most important innovations of the 20th century".In 1933 the theoretical description presented in the present paper [1932] led Ruska to build a two-stage electron microscope with a resolution exceeding that of the optical microscope [described in the 1932 paper]. The technique behind it is largely built upon de Broglie's revolutionary theory regarding the wavelength of electrons. In 1931, working closely with Knoll, Ruska built the first electron lens, an electromagnet that could focus a beam of electrons, as if it were light. Using several such lenses, he was able to construct a prototype of an electron microscope, though with only the ability to magnify a meager 17 times. Yet, he had proven that the task was possible and he continued to improve his design. By 1933, Ruska's electron microscope, termed a transmission microscope, was much more powerful. The instrument worked by passing electrons through a thin slice of the specimen to be studied, which were then deflected to a photographic film emulsion or projected onto a fluorescent screen, generating an image at high magnification. In fact, the device was capable of magnifying specimens up to 10 times more than a contemporary light microscope.To build a commercial version of his microscope, Ruska was forced to briefly leave the academic world and delve into private industry. He joined the Siemens Company as an electrical engineer in 1937 and the company released its first marketable electron microscope, based on Ruska's design, in 1939.The volume contains many important contributions to 20th century physics, among others: Heisenberg, W. Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II. Pp. 156-64: This is the second paper in a series of three which presents Heisenberg's neutron-proton model. Shortly after Chadwick discoverd the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, this introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin. (DSB 17: p.398).

(22 x 14,5 cm). VIII, 1016 S. Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Halbleinwandband der Zeit. Erste Ausgabe. - Ruska begann sich "1929 zusammmen mit Max Knoll (1897-1969) mit der Bündelung von Elektronenstrahlen und ihrer Nutzung für Abbildungszwecke zu beschäftigen und erreichte mit einer elektronenoptischen Anordnung einen Vergrößerungsfaktor von 17.5. - 1932 veröffentlichten R(uska) und Knoll (in vorliegender Arbeit) die erste Beschreibung eines Elektronenmikroskops mit magnetischen Linsen" (NDB). - Stempel auf Vorsatz und Titel. Einband gering berieben, sonst gut erhalten.