Mossadegh Mohammad (2 results)

Hardcover. Condition: Very Good. Issued as part of ICJ's Pleadings, Oral Arguments, and Documents series (Sales number / No de vente: 103). Original gilt-titled burgundy cloth with ICJ seal 18x25cm. Printed by A.W. Sijthoff's Publishing Company, Leyden. 809, (2)pp English and French texts, with several duplicated numberings for facing texts. Covers very good, slightly sunned to the spine, with surface scratches to the lower board. Interiors near fine, lightly tanned, with "Handbibliothek Referat 500" ink stamp to the half title. In 1901 Iran granted a 60 year oil concession to William Knox D'Arcy, who founded the Anglo-Persian (later Iranian) Oil Company in 1909. Iran unilaterally cancelled the Concession in 1932 over disagreements about royalty payments. After Britain took the case to the League of Nations and Permanent Court of Justice, a new 60 year Concession was agreed in 1933. Iran's continued discontent over royalties compounded by Saudi success in negotiating a 50/50 profit share with Aramco in 1950, ownership, and the treatment of its oil workers led to nationalisation in March 1951, which Prime Minister Mossadegh began to implement. Acting on AIOC's behalf, Britain lodged a formal complaint with the ICJ on 26 May 1951 asking for the Concession to be upheld, and for Iran to pay damages and compensation. Pending its final decision, the ICJ proposed an interim arrangement for AIOC operations to be overseen by a joint board made up of 2 British, 2 Iranian, and 1 third party. Britain agreed, but Iran declined arguing the ICJ had no jurisdiction over the case. In response, Britain complained unsuccessfully to the UN Security Council that Iran was jeopardising world peace. With confrontation escalating, Britain imposed economic sanctions, withdrew AIOC personnel, and reinforced its naval presence in the Gulf, triggering a fall in oil production, and political and economic crises in Iran. Mossadegh faced down sustained domestic opposition from the Shah among others, who on 21 July 1952 asked him to form a new Government. The next day, Mossadegh was boosted by the ICJ's ruling that confirmed Iran's contention that the dispute was outside its jurisdiction. Undeterred, Britain and the US continued to apply pressure on Iran, culminating in Mossadegh's overthrow in August 1953, and the instatement of the Shah. At the ICJ, Iran was first represented by French lawyers who withdrew in response to British pressure, then by Belgian lawyer and socialist politician Henri Rolin. Its delegation included Mossadegh, and Iran's Ambassadors to The Netherlands Hossein Navab and the US Nasrollah Entezam among others. The judges upheld Iran's contention by 9 votes (UK, Iran, Egypt, El Salvador, Uruguay, China, Norway, Poland, Yugoslavia) to 5 (US, France, Canada, Brazil, Chile). This was based on the date of the agreement, and that it was with a company rather than the British Government. This book relates to the final ruling and the steps leading up to it. In 4 Parts, it assembles the documents relating to the application for proceedings and request for interim measures of protection (among the annexes are the 1933 Agreement and 1951 Nationalisation Act); oral proceedings on the interim measures held in public sittings during 30 June - 5 July 1951; other documents submitted to the ICJ; and correspondence. Rare in commerce. (Reference: ICJ website).

4to. 6, (1), 5, 4 pp. In French, English and Persian. Contemporary printed wrappers. Exceedingly rare article defending the oil nationalisation movement in Iran. Directed at Iranian students in the West, the account aims to clarify "the misunderstandings that prevail in the countries where you study", describing the injustice of foreign oil exploration in Iran leading up to several nationalisation laws passed between 1944 and 1951, which prohibited any concessions being granted to foreigners. - Somewhat dampstained near upper gutter. No more than 3 copies traceable in libraries internationally (all at the Mossadegh Foundation in Geneva).