Ogden Eric (112 results)

- Softcover
Seller: WeBuyBooks, Rossendale, LANCS, United KingdomWeBuyBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - As new
US$ 2.02
US$ 10.02 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Like New. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day. An apparently unread copy in perfect condition. Dust cover is intact with no nicks or tears. Spine has no signs of creasing. Pages are clean and not marred by notes or folds of any kind.

- Softcover
Seller: WorldofBooks, Goring-By-Sea, WS, United KingdomWorldofBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 5.33
US$ 7.38 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Paperback. Condition: Very Good. The book has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.
More imagesLanguage: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 26pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 11 drawings, including portraits, and one full-page plate, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume L, No. 6, October, 1895. The twelfth part the author's monumental biography. Includes Expansion of the R…evolutionary System, Tension Between England and France, The Peace of Amiens Broken, The Fall of Moreau, and Murder of the Duc D'Enghien. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup (illustrator).
More imagesLanguage: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 31pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 16 drawings, including portraits, and several full-page plates, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume L, No. 5, September, 1895. Part 11 of the author's monumental biography. Includes The Society and E…tiquette of the Consulate, The General Pacification of Europe, The Reorganization of France, the Code Napoleon and the University of France, Steps Toward Monarchy, Plots, Counter-Plots, and the Life Consulate, and Bonaparte at the Threshold of Monarchy. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup (illustrator).
More imagesLanguage: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 31pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 16 drawings, including portraits, and several full-page plates, and two maps, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume L, No. 4, August, 1895. Part 10 of the author's monumental biography. Includes Bonapa…rte the Heir of the Directory, Bonaparte as the Embodiment of the Revolution, The Inauguration of a Constitutional Despotism, Statesmanship and Strategy, Marengo, and The Peace of Luneville. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup (illustrator).
More imagesLanguage: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 32pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 20 drawings, including portraits, and several full-page plates, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume L, No. 3, July, 1895. Part nine of the author's monumental biography. Includes Bonaparte's Plan of…Oriental Conquest Thwarter, Aboukir and the Great Desertion, The Return of the Hero, Bonaparte Seizes his Opportunity, and The Overthrow of the Constitution. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1896
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 33pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 17 drawings and portraits, including several full-page plates, and 2 text maps, shallow waterstaining noted at page bottoms at margins only, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LI, #4, February, 1896…. Includes An Indecisive Victory at Friedland, Napoleon and Alexander at Tilsit, The Negotiations and Treaty of Tilsit, Napoleon and Queen Louisa of Prussia, The Path of Napoleonic Empire, The Splendors of Paris and the Unification of France. This is the 16th of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover with spine sleeve. F. De Myrbach, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, L. Sergent, Raffet, F. Cormon, and H. A. Ogden (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 32pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 17 drawings and portraits, including several full-page plates and a full-page map, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume L, #1, May, 1895. Includes The Unfolding of Bonaparte's Imperious Spirit, Rivoli… and the Capitulation of Mantua, Humiliation of the Papacy and of Venice, The Peace of Leoben, and The Fall of Venice. This is the 7th of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. F. De Myrbach, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, L. Sergent, Raffet, F. Cormon, and H. A. Ogden (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1896
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 32pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 12 drawings and portraits, including several full-page plates, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LI, #5, March, 1896. Includes An Indecisive Victory at Friedland, Napoleon and Alexander at Tilsit,…The Negotiations and Treaty of Tilsit, Napoleon and Queen Louisa of Prussia, The Path of Napoleonic Empire, The Splendors of Paris and the Unification of France. This is the 17th of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. F. De Myrbach, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, L. Sergent, Raffet, F. Cormon, and H. A. Ogden (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 34pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 14 drawings and portraits, including 6 full-page plates, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LI, #1, November, 1895. Includes Declaration of the Empire, The Descent into England, The Coronation of Na…poleon I, The Emperor of the French Crowned King of Italy, The Expansion of France and the Third Coalition, and Napoleon's Grand Army and Grand Strategy. This is the 13th of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. F. De Myrbach, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, L. Sergent, Raffet, F. Cormon, and H. A. Ogden (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 23pp extract, printed in double columns, numerous illustrations and portraits, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume XLIX, #4, February, 1895. Part IV of the author's biography that was published serially in 24 issues of Century Magazine, 1894-1896. Includes…the Supper of Beaucaire, First Decisive Success at Toulon, A Jacobin General, the Mission to Genoa, and Consequences of Robespierre's Fall. Illustrations include the supper, Napoleon in the summer of 1795, La Causerie, the Drummers of the Republic, the Harbor of Toulon from the Heights of Six-Fours, the Siege of Toulon in 1793, the Council of War at Toulon, the Taking of Fort Mulgrave, a scene from the insurrection in Vendee, 1792 - 94, the front and back of the medal struck in honor of Robespierre the younger, Napoleon under arrest, August, 1794, and portraits of Edouard Louis Alexis Dubois de Crance, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot, Carteaux, the Artist General, Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, and Joseph Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, C. W. Chadwick, D. B. Keeler, A. Castaigne, Eric Pape (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 35pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 20 drawings, including portraits, several full-page plates, and a map of Northern Italy showing the campaigns of 1796 and 1797, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume XLIX, No. 6, April, 1895. This is p…art VI of the author's monumental biography that was published serially in 23 issues of Century,1894-1896. Includes Europe and the Directory, Bonaparte on a Stage Proportionate to his Powers, The Conquest of Piedmont and the Milanese, An Insubordinate Emancipator, Military Diplomacy in Central Italy, The Struggle for Mantua, and Arcole. Illustrations include Napoleon at Arcole, Napoleon in the uniform of General-in-Chief of the Army of Italy, 1796, Napoleon on the road from Paris to Nice, the battalion of the Lower Loire, Charles-Louis-Francois-Honore Letourneur, Louis-Marie De Larevelliere-Lepeaux, the capture of a Dutch fleet by Hussars of the French Republic, January, 1795, Marshal Andre Massena, Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, Rampon's soldiers taking the oath never to surrender, the Battle of Lodi, at the bridge of Lodi after the French troopers had found the ford, a bust of Amedee-Emmanuel Laharpe, the entry into Milan, Bonaparte in Italy, the Council of War, and the charge at Arcole. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Antoine-Jean Gros, Eric Pape, E. H. Del'Orme, F. De Myrbach, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup, Detaille, Eugene Courboin (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 30pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 14 drawings, including portraits and several full-page plates, and 2 maps of the Austerlitz campaign, and the Battle of Austerlitz, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LI, No. 2, December, 1895. Part… XIV of the author's monumental biography of Napoleon, published serially in 23 issues of Century Magazine, 1894-1896. This installment includes Trafalgar, Austerlitz, The New Map of Europe, and The Business of Emperor. Illustrations include Napoleon in petit costume of the emperor, the Battle of Trafalgar, a Carbineer, Napoleon and his staff at Austerlitz, the charge of the Mamelukes at the Battle of Austerlitz, the French engulfing the enemy in retreat across the Satschan Lake, the meeting of Napoleon and Francis I after Austerlitz, and portraits of Admiral Horatio Nelson, Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, with facsimile signature, Eugene de Beauharnais, known as Prince Eugene, Augusta Amelia of Bavaria, Vice-Queen of Italy, and Stephanie-Louise-Adrienne, Grand Duchess of Baden. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, T. De Thulstrup (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1896
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 33pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with 13 drawings, including several portraits, and 6 full-page plates, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LII, #3, July, 1896. The Evacuation of Moscow, The Retreat from Russia, The Horrors of the Beresi…na, The Prodigal's Return, The Revolt of the Nations, The First Campaign in Saxony, The Nations in Grand Array, and The Last Imperial Victory. This is part 21 of 23 of the author's monumental biography of the French emperor. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Girodet Trioson, Adolphe Yvon, Maurice Orange, Raffet, F. De Myrbach, J. Rosen, Meissonier, Jean Paul Laurens, Eric Pape (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1896
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 34pp extract, printed in double columns, illustrated with14 drawings and portraits, including 10 full-page plates, and 3 text maps, one of which is full-page, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume LI, #3, January, 1896. Includes War with Prussia, Jena and Aue…rstadt, The Devastation of Prussia, War with Russia, Pultusk - Check to the Grand Army: Eylau. Illustrations include Napoleon dressed as a member of the Institute, Queen Louisa reviewing the Prussian army, the Prussian Noble Guard sharpen their swords on the steps of the French Embassy at Berlin, Napoleon's mode of traveling, the death of Prince Louis at Saalfeld, Napoleon reconnoitering the field of Jena from the Landgrafenberg the night before the battle, Murat leading the cavalry at Jenna, the Band at Jena, October 14, 1806, the French Army in Poland, 1806, hardships in Poland, the Fourteenth of the Line at Eylau, portraits of Prince Louis Ferdinand, Louis - Nicolas Davout, Duke of Auerstadt and Prince of Eckmuhl, and maps of the Battles in Prussia and Poland, the Battles of Jena and Auerstadt, and the Battle of Eylau. This is the 15th of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. F. De Myrbach, Eric Pape, H. Chartier, L. Sergent, Raffet, F. Cormon, and H. A. Ogden (illustrator).

Language: English
Published by The Century Company, NY 1895
- Softcover
Seller: Legacy Books II, Louisville, KY, U.S.A.Legacy Books II
Contact seller4-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
Original price: US$ 10.02; 30% offCurrent price: US$ 7.02
US$ 5.85 shippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: VG. 28pp extract, printed in double columns, numerous illustrations and portraits, map, salvaged from a damaged issue of The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Volume XLIX, #3, January, 1895. Includes Significance of this Epoch on Napoleon's Life, the Revolution in the Rhone Valley, Bonaparte the Corsic…an Jacobin, Bonaparte the French Jacobin, and a Jacobin Hejira. Illustrations include Napoleon as a Lieutenant - Colonel in the National Guard, Napoleon during his later service in Valence, Napoleon addressing a Jacobin Club in Corsica, the Citadel of Ajaccio, the Grotto on the Estate of Mirelli, the property of Napoleon's father, Napoleon at a six - cent restaurant in Paris, Napoleon and Elise on the way to Corsica, Napoleon pawning his watch, and the Battle of Jemmapes, near Mons, Belgium, November 6, 1792, and portraits of Napoleon's eldest sister Elise, Napoleon as Lieutenant - Colonel of the First Battalion of Corsica, Pascal Paoli in old age, and Cristofano Salicetti. This is the third of 23 consecutive monthly installments of the pre - publication serial appearance of the author's scarce title, Life Of Napoleon Bonaparte. Housed in protective mylar report cover. H. A. Ogden, Andre Castaigne, Eric Pape, and George Dance (illustrator).

- Softcover
- First Edition
Seller: Jt,s junk box, newcastle, STAFF, United KingdomJt,s junk box
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 6.79
US$ 7.91 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Soft cover. Condition: Good. 1st Edition. good condition.

- Hardcover
Seller: WeBuyBooks, Rossendale, LANCS, United KingdomWeBuyBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 4.91
US$ 10.02 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Very Good. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day. A copy that has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.
More images- Softcover
Seller: BoundlessBookstore, Wallingford, United KingdomBoundlessBookstore
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 6.65
US$ 9.20 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Good. VG condition book without dust jacket. Boards are clean with light wear. Book has clean and bright contents.

- Hardcover
- First Edition
Seller: Jt,s junk box, newcastle, STAFF, United KingdomJt,s junk box
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 8.69
US$ 7.91 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Hardcover. Condition: Good. 1st Edition. good condition.
More images- Softcover
Seller: BoundlessBookstore, Wallingford, United KingdomBoundlessBookstore
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 7.57
US$ 9.20 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Good. VG condition book without dust jacket. Boards are clean with little wear. Book has clean and bright contents.

- Hardcover
Seller: WeBuyBooks, Rossendale, LANCS, United KingdomWeBuyBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 5.42
US$ 11.53 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Good. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day. A copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All of the pages are intact and the cover is intact and the spine may show signs of wear. The book may have minor markings which are not specifically mentioned. A tan to the pages.

- Softcover
Seller: Hammer Mountain Book Halls, ABAA, Schenectady, NY, U.S.A.Hammer Mountain Book Halls, ABAA
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used
US$ 17.00
Free ShippingShips within U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Softcover. Light crease at top edge of front cover; otherwise very good condition. Inscribed by author on title page. ]. 112p. Illus. English coach history.

- Hardcover
Seller: WorldofBooks, Goring-By-Sea, WS, United KingdomWorldofBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 10.22
US$ 7.38 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Hardback. Condition: Very Good. The book has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.

- Softcover
Seller: Reuseabook, Gloucester, GLOS, United KingdomReuseabook
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 4.60
US$ 13.19 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Paperback. Condition: Used; Good. Dispatched, from the UK, within 48 hours of ordering. This book is in good condition but will show signs of previous ownership. Please expect some creasing to the spine and/or minor damage to the cover. Aged book. Tanned pages and age spots, however, this will not interfere with reading.

- Hardcover
Seller: WorldofBooks, Goring-By-Sea, WS, United KingdomWorldofBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 10.76
US$ 7.38 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Hardback. Condition: Very Good. The book has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.

- Softcover
Seller: Bahamut Media, Reading, United KingdomBahamut Media
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 8.84
US$ 9.20 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Paperback. Condition: Very Good. Shipped within 24 hours from our UK warehouse. Clean, undamaged book with no damage to pages and minimal wear to the cover. Spine still tight, in very good condition. Remember if you are not happy, you are covered by our 100% money back guarantee.A brief history of Ribble Motor Services Ltd, acco…mpanied by 60 pages of examples of their products.

- Softcover
Seller: WorldofBooks, Goring-By-Sea, WS, United KingdomWorldofBooks
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Very good
US$ 11.14
US$ 7.38 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 2 available
Paperback. Condition: Very Good. The book has been read, but is in excellent condition. Pages are intact and not marred by notes or highlighting. The spine remains undamaged.

- Softcover
Seller: BoundlessBookstore, Wallingford, United KingdomBoundlessBookstore
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 9.51
US$ 9.20 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Paperback. Condition: Good. Good condition paperback with light wear. Contents are clean and bright throughout with no markings. Cover has light rubbing.
More images- Hardcover
Seller: BoundlessBookstore, Wallingford, United KingdomBoundlessBookstore
Contact seller5-star sellerCondition: Used - Good
US$ 9.51
US$ 9.20 shippingShips from United Kingdom to U.S.A.Quantity: 1 available
Condition: Good. VG condition book without dust jacket. Boards are clean with little wear. Book has clean and bright contents.