Polos Laszlo (57 results)

Hardback. Condition: New. Why do people like books, music, or movies that adhere consistently to genre conventions? Why is it hard for politicians to take positions that cross ideological boundaries? Why do we have dramatically different expectations of companies that are categorized as social media platforms as opposed to news media sites? The answers to these questions require an understanding of how people use basic concepts in their everyday lives to give meaning to objects, other people, and social situations and actions.In this book, a team of sociologists presents a groundbreaking model of concepts and categorization that can guide sociological and cultural analysis of a wide variety of social situations. Drawing on research in various fields, including cognitive science, computational linguistics, and psychology, the book develops an innovative view of concepts. It argues that concepts have meanings that are probabilistic rather than sharp, occupying fuzzy, overlapping positions in a "conceptual space." Measurements of distances in this space reveal our mental representations of categories. Using this model, important yet commonplace phenomena such as our routine buying decisions can be quantified in terms of the cognitive distance between concepts. Concepts and Categories provides an essential set of formal theoretical tools and illustrates their application using an eclectic set of methodologies, from micro-level controlled experiments to macro-level language processing. It illuminates how explicit attention to concepts and categories can give us a new understanding of everyday situations and interactions.

Hardback. Condition: New. Why do people like books, music, or movies that adhere consistently to genre conventions? Why is it hard for politicians to take positions that cross ideological boundaries? Why do we have dramatically different expectations of companies that are categorized as social media platforms as opposed to news media sites? The answers to these questions require an understanding of how people use basic concepts in their everyday lives to give meaning to objects, other people, and social situations and actions.In this book, a team of sociologists presents a groundbreaking model of concepts and categorization that can guide sociological and cultural analysis of a wide variety of social situations. Drawing on research in various fields, including cognitive science, computational linguistics, and psychology, the book develops an innovative view of concepts. It argues that concepts have meanings that are probabilistic rather than sharp, occupying fuzzy, overlapping positions in a "conceptual space." Measurements of distances in this space reveal our mental representations of categories. Using this model, important yet commonplace phenomena such as our routine buying decisions can be quantified in terms of the cognitive distance between concepts. Concepts and Categories provides an essential set of formal theoretical tools and illustrates their application using an eclectic set of methodologies, from micro-level controlled experiments to macro-level language processing. It illuminates how explicit attention to concepts and categories can give us a new understanding of everyday situations and interactions.

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Paperback. Condition: New. Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. Logics of Organization Theory sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences. Organizational research typically analyzes organizations in categories such as "bank," "hospital," or "university." These categories have been treated as crisp analytical constructs designed by researchers. But sociologists increasingly view categories as constructed by audiences. This book builds on cognitive psychology and anthropology to develop an audience-based theory of organizational categories. It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology.It reconstructs and integrates four central theory fragments, and in so doing reveals unexpected connections and new insights.

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Hardback. Condition: New. Why do people like books, music, or movies that adhere consistently to genre conventions? Why is it hard for politicians to take positions that cross ideological boundaries? Why do we have dramatically different expectations of companies that are categorized as social media platforms as opposed to news media sites? The answers to these questions require an understanding of how people use basic concepts in their everyday lives to give meaning to objects, other people, and social situations and actions.In this book, a team of sociologists presents a groundbreaking model of concepts and categorization that can guide sociological and cultural analysis of a wide variety of social situations. Drawing on research in various fields, including cognitive science, computational linguistics, and psychology, the book develops an innovative view of concepts. It argues that concepts have meanings that are probabilistic rather than sharp, occupying fuzzy, overlapping positions in a "conceptual space." Measurements of distances in this space reveal our mental representations of categories. Using this model, important yet commonplace phenomena such as our routine buying decisions can be quantified in terms of the cognitive distance between concepts. Concepts and Categories provides an essential set of formal theoretical tools and illustrates their application using an eclectic set of methodologies, from micro-level controlled experiments to macro-level language processing. It illuminates how explicit attention to concepts and categories can give us a new understanding of everyday situations and interactions.

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Paperback. Condition: Brand New. illustrated edition. 384 pages. 9.25x6.25x1.00 inches. In Stock.

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Taschenbuch. Condition: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This volume is based on the International Conference Logic at Work, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in December 1992. The 14 papers in this volume are selected from 86 submissions and 8 invited contributions and are all devoted to knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty, which are core issues of formal artificial intelligence.Nowadays, logic is not any longer mainly associated to mathematical and philosophical problems. The term applied logic has a far wider meaning, as numerous applications of logical methods, particularly in computer science, artificial intelligence, or formal linguistics, testify. As demonstrated also in this volume, a variety of non-standard logics gained increased importance for knowledge representation and reasoning under uncertainty.

Hardcover. Condition: Fine. Mint condition.

Paperback. Condition: New. Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. Logics of Organization Theory sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences. Organizational research typically analyzes organizations in categories such as "bank," "hospital," or "university." These categories have been treated as crisp analytical constructs designed by researchers. But sociologists increasingly view categories as constructed by audiences. This book builds on cognitive psychology and anthropology to develop an audience-based theory of organizational categories. It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology.It reconstructs and integrates four central theory fragments, and in so doing reveals unexpected connections and new insights.

Hardback. Condition: New. Why do people like books, music, or movies that adhere consistently to genre conventions? Why is it hard for politicians to take positions that cross ideological boundaries? Why do we have dramatically different expectations of companies that are categorized as social media platforms as opposed to news media sites? The answers to these questions require an understanding of how people use basic concepts in their everyday lives to give meaning to objects, other people, and social situations and actions.In this book, a team of sociologists presents a groundbreaking model of concepts and categorization that can guide sociological and cultural analysis of a wide variety of social situations. Drawing on research in various fields, including cognitive science, computational linguistics, and psychology, the book develops an innovative view of concepts. It argues that concepts have meanings that are probabilistic rather than sharp, occupying fuzzy, overlapping positions in a "conceptual space." Measurements of distances in this space reveal our mental representations of categories. Using this model, important yet commonplace phenomena such as our routine buying decisions can be quantified in terms of the cognitive distance between concepts. Concepts and Categories provides an essential set of formal theoretical tools and illustrates their application using an eclectic set of methodologies, from micro-level controlled experiments to macro-level language processing. It illuminates how explicit attention to concepts and categories can give us a new understanding of everyday situations and interactions.

Condition: Good. Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. Ex-library, so some stamps and wear, but in good overall condition. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions.

Hardcover. Condition: Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Good. Hardcover, viii + 392 pages, NOT ex-library. Missing the title page. Interior is clean and bright throughout, with unmarked text, free of inscriptions and stamps, firmly bound. Boards show small indentations to edges. Untorn dust jacket with dark shelfworn and dusty marks, moderate creasing along the edges, a bit of rubbing to upper spine and edges. -- This collection explores the reciprocal relationship between logical theory and the study of natural language, showcasing a paradigm shift from static, sentence-level analysis to dynamic, text-level interpretation. Central to the volume is the dynamic turn in semantics, which treats meaning not as a fixed truth condition but as the potential to change an agent's information state. Frameworks such as dynamic semantics, update semantics, and situation theory are deployed to model the incremental processing of texts and discourses. These procedural approaches are applied to a range of complex linguistic phenomena, including verb-phrase ellipsis, anaphora, indexicality, tense, and aspect, demonstrating how a context-dependent view of interpretation can resolve long-standing puzzles. Beyond specific applications, the contributions engage in fundamental methodological debates, questioning the necessity of type theory, exploring the cognitive foundations of modality assignment, and investigating the properties of various modal, temporal, and substructural logics like the Lambek calculus. The inquiry extends to the computational and mathematical underpinnings of language, with chapters on evolving algebras as models of linguistic processes, the optimization of deduction for multi-modal systems, and the use of finite automata in logical grammars. Ultimately, the volume argues for a view of applied logic not merely as a tool for linguistic analysis, but as a field that is itself transformed and enriched by the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of human language. -- Contents: Preface; Pragmatic Reasoning: A Model-Based Theory / John Bell; Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in Dynamic Semantics / Jan van Eijck & Nissim Francez; Optimization of Deduction for Multi-Modal Logics / Olivier Gasquet; Are Types Needed for Natural Language? / Fairouz Kamareddine; Indexical Dynamics / Ian Lewin; Implicit and Explicit Definability in Modal and Temporal Logics / Larisa Maksimova; Evolving Algebras and Mathematical Models of Language / ?Lawrence S. Moss & David E. Johnson; Information States in Situation Theory / Laszlo Polos & Michael Masuch; Logic Finite Automata / Klaus U. Schulz & Dov Gabbay; Dynamic Aspect Trees / Jerry Seligman & Alice ter Meulen; Logic as a Foundation for a Cognitive Theory of Modality Assignment / Keith Stenning; Meeting a Modality? Restricted Permutation for the Lambek Calculus / Yde Venema; Update Semantics for Propositional Texts / Cees Vermeulen; Index.

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Hardcover. Condition: new. Hardcover. A selection of papers presented at the international conference `Applied Logic: Logic at Work', held in Amsterdam in December 1992. Nowadays, the term `applied logic' has a very wide meaning, as numerous applications of logical methods in computer science, formal linguistics and other fields testify. Such applications are by no means restricted to the use of known logical techniques: at its best, applied logic involves a back-and-forth dialogue between logical theory and the problem domain. The papers focus on the application of logic to the study of natural language, in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and the effect of these studies on the development of logic. In the last decade, the dynamic nature of natural language has been the most interesting challenge for logicians. Dynamic semantics is here applied to new topics, the dynamic approach is extended to syntax, and several methodological issues in dynamic semantics are systematically investigated. Other methodological issues in the formal studies of natural language are discussed, such as the need for types, modal operators and other logical operators in the formal framework. Further articles address the scope of these methodological issues from other perspectives ranging from cognition to computation. The volume presents papers that are interesting for graduate students and researchers in the field of logic, philosophy of language, formal semantics and pragmatics, and computational linguistics. Includes a selection of papers presented at the international conference 'Applied Logic: Logic at Work', held in Amsterdam in December 1992. The papers in this work focus on the application of logic to the study of natural language, in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and the effect of these studies on the development of logic. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.

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Condition: New. pp. 404.