Zhoushan (5 results)

Stahlstich v. Payne n. Graham, um 1840, 10,8 x 16,5.

Stahlstich v. Bentley n. Thomas Allom aus China in a series views, 1843, 5,5 x 9,1 Verkleinerter Stahlstich auf ein typographisch vorbereitetes Untersatzpapier mit goldgeprägter Ornamentik montiert. Blattgröße 10,1 x 13,8 cm. - Sauber und gut erhalten. - Dekorativ. 2. Opiumkrieg.

Very good. Size 15 x 22.25 Inches. This is a rare 1796 John Barrow map of modern day Zhoushan (???; Tchu-San), China, prepared to illustrate the official report of the Macartney Embassy to China. At the time Zhoushan (Ting Hai) was a walled city just south of modern-day Shanghai on the opposite side of Hangzhou Bay. The city guarded the entrance to the Qiantang River and thus access to Hangzhou (???). Coverage here extends from Zhoushan Islands south to roughly Dayang Islet and Jiushan Chan Island. Tracks follow the Clarence , one of Macartney's ships as it entered and left the Bay. At the bottom of the map, a curious circular panorama illustrates the view from the Clarence from its anchorage in Zhoushan harbor. The Failed Embassy The 1793 Macartney Mission (??????) was the first British diplomatic mission to China and marks the first of a series of cultural misunderstanding between China and Britain. George Macartney (1737 - 1806) was tasked with convincing the Chinese Emperor Qianlong to ease restrictions on trade between Great Britain and China and to allow the British a permanent embassy. Macartney was successful in none of these things - a fact often laid on his refusal to 'kowtow' before the emperor, a ceremonial tradition that was central to all court procedure. While Dutch and Portuguese merchants happily performed the ritual - thus receiving the desired trade concessions, Macartney, believing King George III to be the greater power, refused. While much has been made of Macartney's refusal to kowtow to the emperor, the failure of the mission might equally be laid on the Qianlong Emperor's haughty approach. In a subsequent letter to King George III, the emperor patronizingly referred to all Europeans as 'barbarians', all nations of the earth as being subordinate to China, and addressed the king himself as a Chinese subject, abjuring him to 'Tremblingly obey and show no negligence!' Publication History and Census The map was printed in 1796 to accompany Sir George Leonard Staunton's (1737 - 1801) 1797 An authentic account of an embassy from the King of Great Britain to the emperor of China. It was drawn by John Barrow based upon the cartographic work of Alexander Dalrymple. It was engraved by B. Baker and published by George Nicol. The Account appears four institutional collections listed in OCLC. The separate map is cataloged in multiple institutional collections. References: OCLC 225063613. Royal Maritime Museum, G272:2/10.

Very good. Some foxing and discoloration around margins. Size 23.25 x 16.5 Inches. This is a rare 1796 John Barrow map of modern day Zhoushan (???; Tchu-San), China, prepared to illustrate the official report of the 1793 Macartney Embassy to China. The Embassy has been seen as a deeply consequential historical interaction between China and the British Empire which heralded the systematic crises China would face in the 19th century. A Closer Look The map covers the area roughly composing the southern part of Hangzhou Bay to the south of Shanghai. It includes detailed navigational information for charting the many islets, rocks, and shoals of the Zhejiang coast leading to Zhoushan and the walled city of Dinghai (here as Ting-hai). In addition to transliterations of Chinese names (such as Quee-san, Tygo-san, etc.), some of the English names are translations from Chinese, such as 'Buffalo's Nose,' known in Chinese as Niubishan (??? Buffalo Nose Mountain). The curious sketch at bottom-left was drawn by John Barrow from the Clarence , one of the ships of the Macartney Mission. Originally a French boat, the Clarence was purchased by the mission in Batavia after one of their original ships had problems. Tracks follow the Clarence as it entered and left the Bay on its way to Dinghai. Zhoushan China's Door to the Maritime World The archipelago that today forms Zhoushan Municipality has a recorded history stretching well into Antiquity, and the proximity of the islands to the mainland, and particularly to the city of Ningbo (just to the west of the area shown here), made them an ideal location for fisherfolk, traders, rebels, and pirates. Its location, jutting out into the East China Sea, has historically made it a destination for foreign travelers of many stripes, including the 9th century Japanese Buddhist monk Egaku (??), who founded a now-famous Buddhist pilgrimage site at Putuoshan (???, here as Poo-to, at top-right). In the Ming Dynasty, when a maritime ban was in place to dissuade widespread piracy and coastal raiding, Zhoushan was an important entrepot for trade between Chinese, Japanese, Southeast Asian, and Portuguese traders, the latter ensconced at the fortress of Shuangyu (on Liuheng Island ???, here as Low-Ang, near center) until being chased off by a Ming naval expedition in 1548. At the end of the 17th century, the newly triumphant Qing Dynasty ended the maritime bans and trade was encouraged at certain ports, including Zhoushan (Dinghai). English traders, among others, stopped at Zhoushan and gained some familiarity with the local geography, producing the earliest European charts of the area. But the establishment of the Canton System of Trade in the mid-18th century confined Western traders to Canton (Guangzhou). European traders had not forgotten Zhoushan, though, and it was a request of the failed British Macartney Mission of 1793 (discussed below) to have an island there reserved for British traders. When the First Opium War (1839 1842) broke out, the British moved to capture Zhoushan, which was then returned to China in exchange for Hong Kong, before being recaptured by the British later in the war (the Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston considered Hong Kong to be of much lesser value than Zhoushan). With the rise of the treaty ports (including nearby Ningbo) and Hong Kong, Zhoushan's significance as a door to the outside world diminished. Within China, Zhoushan is practically synonymous with fishing; historically and today, fishing is the basis of the economy and culture of the islands. Appropriately, Zhoushan is home to the largest fishery in China. In recent years, the municipality has tried to develop other industries, such as shipbuilding, as well as tourism; traditional fishing villages are particularly popular. The Macartney Mission The Macartney Mission, or the Macartney Embassy, was a diplomatic mission by Great Britain to the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty meant to expand British trading rights.

Very good. Some discoloration along the vertical, left quadrants. Original backing, green edging, and ties. Size 20 x 27 Inches. A remarkable 1849 first edition example of Richard Collinson's important blueback nautical chart or map of the coasts off Ningbo (Ning-po), between the Chinese mainland and Zhoushan (Chusan). These waters had long been important for China's interactions with the outside world and formed a strategic point of control during the First Opium War (1839 - 1842). A Closer Look Kintang (Jintang ??) Channel, referred to in the title, lies between Zhoushan and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, some 80 miles south of Shanghai. This area was of critical importance during the First Opium War, which Collinson fought in, including in these waters. Navigational information appears throughout, including extremely detailed soundings, labeling of passes and channels, islands, islets, shoals, hazards, and currents. Points where British ships grounded in the shallow coastal waters are noted. Landward features including settlements and promontories are also indicated. A compass rose with magnetic variations appears near center. The coastal city of Chin-hae (Zhenhai, ??), now a district of Ningbo, was the site of a swift, decisive British victory during the First Opium War. The citadel seen here sat atop a hill and guarded the entrance to the Yong River (??, here as Yung River), leading to Ningbo. The British captured the fort on October 10, 1841 (dismantling it afterwards), allowing them to capture Ningbo unopposed three days later. Just beyond the scope of the chart, further east along the southern coast of Zhoushan, is Dinghai (??), site of two battles during the First Opium War. Zhoushan - China's Door to the Maritime World The archipelago that today forms Zhoushan Municipality has a recorded history stretching well into Antiquity. The proximity of the islands to the mainland, and particularly to the city of Ningbo (just to the west of the area shown here), made them an ideal location for fisherfolk, traders, rebels, and pirates. Its location, jutting out into the East China Sea, has historically made it a destination for foreign travelers of many stripes, including the 9th century Japanese Buddhist monk Egaku (??), who founded a now-famous Buddhist pilgrimage site at Putuoshan (???). In the Ming Dynasty, when a maritime ban was in place to dissuade widespread piracy and coastal raiding, Zhoushan was an important entrepot for trade between Chinese, Japanese, Southeast Asian, and Portuguese traders. At the end of the 17th century, the newly triumphant Qing Dynasty ended the maritime bans and trade was encouraged at certain ports, including Zhoushan (more specifically, Dinghai). English traders, among others, stopped at Zhoushan and gained some familiarity with the local geography, producing the earliest European charts of the area. But the establishment of the Canton System of Trade in the mid-18th century confined Western traders to Canton (Guangzhou). European traders had not forgotten Zhoushan, though, and it was a request of the failed British Macartney Mission of 1793 to have an island there reserved for British traders. When the First Opium War broke out, the British quickly moved to capture Zhoushan, which was then returned to China in exchange for Hong Kong, before being recaptured by the British later in the war (the Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston considered Hong Kong to be of much lesser value than Zhoushan). With the rise of the treaty ports (including nearby Ningbo) and Hong Kong, Zhoushan's significance as a door to the outside world diminished. Collinson's Charts Following the acquisition of Hong Kong at the end of the First Opium War (1839 - 1842), the British recognized the demand for detailed surveys of the China Coast. They turned to Richard Collinson, a Royal Navy officer who had distinguished himself in the war, including a stint commanding the famed Nemesis , Britain's first ocean-going iron warship,