Synopsis
How we know what we know, and why it matters to every learner. This work examines how knowledge begins with the knowing subject and the immediate experience of the world, and how theories move between empirical description and deeper metaphysical claims.
It compares intuitional theories with passive empiricism and rationalist aims, explaining why a cautious, modest view of knowledge can still aim for the whole truth as understanding deepens. Through discussions of Spencer, Avenarius, Kant, and others, it surveys how thinkers have tried to balance experience, judgment, and the structure of reality in a coherent epistemology.
- Learn how thinking and experience shape our concept of the world and knowledge itself.
- Understand the debate between naive realism, empirical critique, and rationalist influence.
- See how key philosophers frame judgment, perception, and the meaning of objects.
- Explore how the epistemology of the nineteenth century informs later discussions of mind and reality.
Ideal for readers seeking a careful, historical view of how knowledge is formed and tested across major philosophical traditions.
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