Einstein Rupp (2 results)

Soft cover. Condition: New. Albert Einstein, "Interferenzeigenschaften des durch Kanalstrahlen emittierten Lichtes" AND Emil Rupp, "Über die Interferenzeigenschaften des Kanalstrahllichtes", in Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 25, 1926. Berlin, Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, volume 25/26, pp 333-357, with the Einstein on pp 334-340 and the Rupp on pp 341-351. Original wrappers. There is some slight discoloration to the pale green wrappers along the spine edges, otherwise this is in fine condition. __+__ Aha these two papers are the seat of a famous/infamous scandal in the history of physics, something that I am going to Very Badly Name: "The Famous E Rupptian of 1926". (Oh, by Neptune's Fancy Bloated Pants, that is bad.) The two papers listed here by Einstein and Rupp form the great Einstein/Rupp scandal of 1926. Einstein's paper was a proposition to demonstrate the instantaneous emission of light instead of the classical emission over time. (In the spring of 1926, Albert Einstein proposed to Emil Rupp to do two experiments that were to probe the wave versus particle nature of light: the so-called Wire Grid Experiment and the Rotated Mirror Experiment --Jeroen van Dongen, "Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the canal ray experiments on wave-particle duality: Scientific fraud and theoretical bias", Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 37 Suppl. (2007) 73-120.) Rupp was a considerable physicist and turned his powers to the experimental demonstration of the Einstein hypothesis, publishing his supporting results in this same issue (October 1926). Unfortunately, his results were shown to be fake/fabricated, and with that entered into a different sort of history than he expected. This sort of thing doesn't seem to happen all that often so far as I can tell, though this one was a doozy. __+__ In July, 1926, at a session of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, he announced his new conviction that all interference experiments would conform to a classical description of the radiation process. He had corresponded with Rupp on the matter of doing experiments on the question, and the Proceedings of the Prussian Academy (Berlin Academy) for October 1926 [the issue offered here] contain a paper by Einstein presenting at length his new view of the matter, followed immediately by a paper by Rupp describing experiments he claimed to have made in support of Einstein s conclusions.The reported results of both experiments (by Rupp) supported Einstein s conclusion that the interference behavior of the emitted light agreed with what would follow from a classical picture of the emission process. --A.P. French, "The Strange Case of Emil Rupp", Physics in Perspective, I, 3-21, 1999. In any event, these are the source papers for a controversy that would brew, then dissolve, and then return again.

1926. Royal8vo. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper "Überreicht von den Verfassern" [i.e. "Given by the authors"]. Original printed wrappers. Front wrapper loose, but fully intact. "Chilpp 202" and "Recdese 160" written in hand to top of front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 334-351. First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of this important paper, which contains Einstein's theories on wave-particle duality and German physicist Rupp's work on the same subject, seemingly to corroborating Einstein's theories. Rupp's experimental results later turned out to have been falsifications, and today he is mainly known as the protagonist in one of the biggest scandals in physics in the 20th century.Rupp published a number of papers on the interference properties of light emitted by canal ray sources. These articles, particularly the present that came into being in close collaboration with Albert Einstein, attracted quite a lot of attention, as they probed the wave versus particle nature of light. They also significantly propelled Rupp's career, even though they were considered highly controversial to begin with.In April 1926, Albert Einstein proposed to Emil Rupp to carry out two experiments that were to prove the wave nature of light versus the particle nature of light: the so-called 'Wire Grid Experiment' and the 'Rotated Mirror Experiment', experiments that Einstein had worked on theoretically and now would like to gain confirmation of through experiments. Rupp, at the time regarded as one of the most important and most competent experimental physicists, gladly took up the challenge. Rupp's observations - though highly controversial - confirmed Einstein's theory. Due to the surprising outcome of the experiments, Einstein was interested in exactly how it they were conducted, as Rupp's initial descriptions did not convince him that the results were feasible."Rupp stood by his observations and suggested yet other circumstances that might explain them. Did Einstein now realize that there was something rather dubious about Rupp's work? He had seen him change his data repeatedly-and each time in better accordance with his own criticism, and on one occasion in no less than two days. He had had to accept that Rupp claimed to earlier have "unknowingly" or "unconsciously" rotated a mirror, and he will likely have seen that Rupp's work was highly controversial amongst experimentalists, leading to very public criticism in Die Naturwissenschaften. He himself was now also convinced that, in fact, Rupp's results were incomprehensible. So, did Einstein choose to suspend the publication of Rupp's piece, so that an additional round of checks and balances could take place? The answer is no: Rupp's paper was presented by Einstein to the Prussian Academy in a session on 21 October 1926, and it appeared in print in the Academy's proceedings in November of 1926-the articles by Einstein and Rupp came out back to back, and reprints circulated with both papers bound together, with a joint cover page that displayed both titles. Einstein referred in his article to Rupp's claims and he had even written the abstract of Rupp's paper" (Dongen: "Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave-Particle").The first clear indication that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate came in 1930 in a paper published by Staub - nothing was wrong with Einstein's theory but Rupp's work was simply impossible: "Rupp immediately set out to respond to Straub's publication. On 12 July 1930 he sent a first draft to Einstein, to whom he also announced his intention of redoing his canal ray experiments-Straub was dismissed as a clumsy graduate student with a lousy apparatus. Einstein suggested inviting Straub once Rupp had his experiment up and running again, but cautioned him not to engage the polemic in too sharp a tone". Rupp managed to convince the physics society and continued to publish the new few years. In 1934 various different physicians pointed out that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate, and in 1935 the final blow to Rupp's career came about, when the German Physical Society's decided not to allow any citations of Rupp's work. This seems to have had very severe consequences, as today it is almost impossible to find any quotations - or even mentioning of Rupp in general, let alone his fraud - in any historical studies of either quantum theory or of Einstein.Despite the unquestionable fraud by Rupp, his experiments and collaboration with Einstein might have had a positive influence on the further progression to quantum mechanics. The two present papers became of seminal importance in the discussions between Bohr and Heisenberg, which eventually in 1927 resulted in Heisenberg publishing his landmark thesis on the uncertainty principle. When Max Born received the Nobel Prize in physics he stated that: "An idea of Einstein gave me the lead [From the present paper]. He had tried to make the duality of particles-light quanta or photons-and waves comprehensible by interpreting the square of the optical wave amplitudes as probability density for the occurrence of photons."Boni 160" Weil 153.